Manipulación de Tipos
[EDIT by danbrown AT php DOT net: The function provided by this author will give you all defined variables at runtime. It was originally written by (john DOT t DOT gold AT gmail DOT com), but contained some errors that were corrected in subsequent posts by (ned AT wgtech DOT com) and (taliesin AT gmail DOT com).]
<?php
echo '<table border=1><tr> <th>variable</th> <th>value</th> </tr>';
foreach( get_defined_vars() as $key => $value)
{
if (is_array ($value) )
{
echo '<tr><td>$'.$key .'</td><td>';
if ( sizeof($value)>0 )
{
echo '"<table border=1><tr> <th>key</th> <th>value</th> </tr>';
foreach ($value as $skey => $svalue)
{
echo '<tr><td>[' . $skey .']</td><td>"'. $svalue .'"</td></tr>';
}
echo '</table>"';
}
else
{
echo 'EMPTY';
}
echo '</td></tr>';
}
else
{
echo '<tr><td>$' . $key .'</td><td>"'. $value .'"</td></tr>';
}
}
echo '</table>';
?>
Variables
Table of Contents
Conceptos Básicos
En PHP las variables se representan con un signo de dólar seguido por el nombre de la variable. El nombre de la variable es sensible a minúsculas y mayúsculas.
Los nombres de variables siguen las mismas reglas que otras etiquetas en PHP. Un nombre de variable válido tiene que empezar con una letra o un carácter de subrayado (underscore), seguido de cualquier número de letras, números y caracteres de subrayado. Como expresión regular se podría expresar como: '[a-zA-Z_\x7f-\xff][a-zA-Z0-9_\x7f-\xff]*'
Note: Para los propósitos de este manual, una letra es a-z, A-Z, y los caracteres ASCII del 127 al 255 (0x7f-0xff).
Note: $this es una variable especial que no puede ser asignada.
Tip
See also the Userland Naming Guide.
Para más información sobre funciones relacionadas con variables, vea la Referencia de Funciones de Variables.
<?php
$var = 'Roberto';
$Var = 'Juan';
echo "$var, $Var"; // imprime "Roberto, Juan"
$4site = 'aun no'; // inválido; comienza con un número
$_4site = 'aun no'; // válido; comienza con un carácter de subrayado
$täyte = 'mansikka'; // válido; 'ä' es ASCII (Extendido) 228
?>
De forma predeterminada, las variables siempre se asignan por valor. Esto significa que cuando se asigna una expresión a una variable, el valor completo de la expresión original se copia en la variable de destino. Esto quiere decir que, por ejemplo, después e asignar el valor de una variable a otra, los cambios que se efectúen a una de esas variables no afectará a la otra. Para más información sobre este tipo de asignación, vea Expresiones.
PHP también ofrece otra forma de asignar valores a las variables: asignar por referencia. Esto significa que la nueva variable simplemente referencia (en otras palabras, "se convierte en un alias de" ó "apunta a") la variable original. Los cambios a la nueva variable afectan a la original, y viceversa.
Para asignar por referencia, simplemente se antepone un signo ampersand (&) al comienzo de la variable cuyo valor se está asignando (la variable fuente). Por ejemplo, el siguiente segmento de código produce la salida 'Mi nombre es Bob' dos veces:
<?php
$foo = 'Bob'; // Asigna el valor 'Bob' a $foo
$bar = &$foo; // Referenciar $foo vía $bar.
$bar = "Mi nombre es $bar"; // Modificat $bar...
echo $foo; // $foo también se modifica.
echo $bar;
?>
Algo importante a tener en cuenta es que sólo las variables con nombre pueden ser asignadas por referencia.
<?php
$foo = 25;
$bar = &$foo; // Esta es una asignación válida.
$bar = &(24 * 7); // Inválida; referencia una expresión sin nombre.
function test() {
return 25;
}
$bar = &test(); // Inválido.
?>
No es necesario inicializar variables en PHP, sin embargo, es una muy buena práctica. Las variables no inicializadas tienen un valor predeterminado de acuerdo a su tipo - FALSE, cero, una cadena vacía o una matriz vacía.
Example #1 Valores predeterminados en variables sin inicializar
<?php
echo ($bool_sin_definir ? "true" : "false"); // false
$int_sin_definir += 25; // 0 + 25 => 25
echo $string_sin_definir . "abc"; // "" . "abc" => "abc"
$array_sin_definir[3] = "def"; // array() + array(3 => "def") => array(3 => "def")
?>
Depender del valor predeterminado de una variable sin inicializar es problemático al incluír un archivo en otro que use el mismo nombre de variable. También es un importante riesgo de seguridad cuando la opción register_globals se encuentra habilitada. Un error de nivel E_NOTICE es emitido cuendo se trabaja con variables sin inicializar, con la excepción del caso en el que se anexan elementos a una matriz no inicializada. La construcción del lenguaje isset() puede ser usada para detectar si una variable ya ha sido inicializada.
add a note
User Contributed NotesVariables
Anonymous
20-Jul-2008 09:25
20-Jul-2008 09:25
alexandre at nospam dot gaigalas dot net
07-Jul-2007 12:13
07-Jul-2007 12:13
Here's a simple solution for retrieving the variable name, based on the lucas (http://www.php.net/manual/en/language.variables.php#49997) solution, but shorter, just two lines =)
<?php
function var_name(&$var, $scope=0)
{
$old = $var;
if (($key = array_search($var = 'unique'.rand().'value', !$scope ? $GLOBALS : $scope)) && $var = $old) return $key;
}
?>
jsb17 at cornell dot edu
20-Feb-2007 11:48
20-Feb-2007 11:48
As an addendum to David's 10-Nov-2005 posting, remember that curly braces literally mean "evaluate what's inside the curly braces" so, you can squeeze the variable variable creation into one line, like this:
<?php
${"title_default_" . $title} = "selected";
?>
and then, for example:
<?php
$title_select = <<<END
<select name="title">
<option>Select</option>
<option $title_default_Mr value="Mr">Mr</option>
<option $title_default_Ms value="Ms">Ms</option>
<option $title_default_Mrs value="Mrs">Mrs</option>
<option $title_default_Dr value="Dr">Dr</option>
</select>
END;
?>
code at slater dot fr
25-Jan-2007 05:10
25-Jan-2007 05:10
Here's a pair of functions to encode/decode any string to be a valid php and javascript variable name.
<?php
function label_encode($txt) {
// add Z to the begining to avoid that the resulting
// label is a javascript keyword or it starts with a
// number
$txt = 'Z'.$txt;
// encode as urlencoded data
$txt = rawurlencode($txt);
// replace illegal characters
$illegal = array('%', '-', '.');
$ok = array('é', 'è', 'à');
$txt = str_replace($illegal,$ok, $txt);
return $txt;
}
function label_decode($txt) {
// replace illegal characters
$illegal = array('%', '-', '.');
$ok = array('é', 'è', 'à');
$txt = str_replace($ok, $illegal, $txt);
// unencode
$txt = rawurldecode($txt);
// remove the leading Z and return
return substr($txt,1);
}
?>
molnaromatic at gmail dot com
20-May-2006 08:44
20-May-2006 08:44
Simple sample and variables and html "templates":
The PHP code:
variables.php:
<?php
$SYSN["title"] = "This is Magic!";
$SYSN["HEADLINE"] = "Ez magyarul van"; // This is hungarian
$SYSN["FEAR"] = "Bell in my heart";
?>
index.php:
<?php
include("variables.php");
include("template.html");
?>
The template:
template.html
<html>
<head><title><?=$SYSN["title"]?></title></head>
<body>
<H1><?=$SYSN["HEADLINE"]?></H1>
<p><?=$SYSN["FEAR"]?></p>
</body>
</html>
This is simple, quick and very flexibile
Mike at ImmortalSoFar dot com
25-Nov-2005 05:03
25-Nov-2005 05:03
References and "return" can be flakey:
<?php
// This only returns a copy, despite the dereferencing in the function definition
function &GetLogin ()
{
return $_SESSION['Login'];
}
// This gives a syntax error
function &GetLogin ()
{
return &$_SESSION['Login'];
}
// This works
function &GetLogin ()
{
$ret = &$_SESSION['Login'];
return $ret;
}
?>
david at removethisbit dot futuresbright dot com
10-Nov-2005 04:25
10-Nov-2005 04:25
When using variable variables this is invalid:
<?php
$my_variable_{$type}_name = true;
?>
to get around this do something like:
<?php
$n="my_variable_{$type}_name";
${$n} = true;
?>
(or $$n - I tend to use curly brackets out of habit as it helps t reduce bugs ...)
Chris Hester
31-Aug-2005 08:09
31-Aug-2005 08:09
Variables can also be assigned together.
<?php
$a = $b = $c = 1;
echo $a.$b.$c;
?>
This outputs 111.
Mike Fotes
09-Jul-2005 02:46
09-Jul-2005 02:46
In conditional assignment of variables, be careful because the strings may take over the value of the variable if you do something like this:
<?php
$condition = true;
// Outputs " <-- That should say test"
echo "test" . ($condition) ? " <-- That should say test" : "";
?>
You will need to enclose the conditional statement and assignments in parenthesis to have it work correctly:
<?php
$condition = true;
// Outputs "test <-- That should say test"
echo "test" . (($condition) ? " <-- That should say test " : "");
?>
josh at PraxisStudios dot com
17-May-2005 04:06
17-May-2005 04:06
As with echo, you can define a variable like this:
<?php
$text = <<<END
<table>
<tr>
<td>
$outputdata
</td>
</tr>
</table>
END;
?>
The closing END; must be on a line by itself (no whitespace).
[EDIT by danbrown AT php DOT net: This note illustrates HEREDOC syntax. For more information on this and similar features, please read the "Strings" section of the manual here: http://www.php.net/manual/en/language.types.string.php ]
mike at go dot online dot pt
07-Apr-2005 12:18
07-Apr-2005 12:18
In addition to what jospape at hotmail dot com and ringo78 at xs4all dot nl wrote, here's the sintax for arrays:
<?php
//considering 2 arrays
$foo1 = array ("a", "b", "c");
$foo2 = array ("d", "e", "f");
//and 2 variables that hold integers
$num = 1;
$cell = 2;
echo ${foo.$num}[$cell]; // outputs "c"
$num = 2;
$cell = 0;
echo ${foo.$num}[$cell]; // outputs "d"
?>
lucas dot karisny at linuxmail dot org
14-Feb-2005 07:42
14-Feb-2005 07:42
Here's a function to get the name of a given variable. Explanation and examples below.
<?php
function vname(&$var, $scope=false, $prefix='unique', $suffix='value')
{
if($scope) $vals = $scope;
else $vals = $GLOBALS;
$old = $var;
$var = $new = $prefix.rand().$suffix;
$vname = FALSE;
foreach($vals as $key => $val) {
if($val === $new) $vname = $key;
}
$var = $old;
return $vname;
}
?>
Explanation:
The problem with figuring out what value is what key in that variables scope is that several variables might have the same value. To remedy this, the variable is passed by reference and its value is then modified to a random value to make sure there will be a unique match. Then we loop through the scope the variable is contained in and when there is a match of our modified value, we can grab the correct key.
Examples:
1. Use of a variable contained in the global scope (default):
<?php
$my_global_variable = "My global string.";
echo vname($my_global_variable); // Outputs: my_global_variable
?>
2. Use of a local variable:
<?php
function my_local_func()
{
$my_local_variable = "My local string.";
return vname($my_local_variable, get_defined_vars());
}
echo my_local_func(); // Outputs: my_local_variable
?>
3. Use of an object property:
<?php
class myclass
{
public function __constructor()
{
$this->my_object_property = "My object property string.";
}
}
$obj = new myclass;
echo vname($obj->my_object_property, $obj); // Outputs: my_object_property
?>
jospape at hotmail dot com
05-Feb-2005 02:45
05-Feb-2005 02:45
<?php
$id = 2;
$cube_2 = "Test";
echo ${cube_.$id};
// will output: Test
?>
ringo78 at xs4all dot nl
14-Jan-2005 03:27
14-Jan-2005 03:27
<?php
// I am beginning to like curly braces.
// I hope this helps for you work with them
$filename0="k";
$filename1="kl";
$filename2="klm";
$i=0;
for ($varname = sprintf("filename%d",$i); isset ( ${$varname} ) ; $varname = sprintf("filename%d", $i) ) {
echo "${$varname} <br>";
$varname = sprintf("filename%d",$i);
$i++;
}
?>
Carel Solomon
07-Jan-2005 06:02
07-Jan-2005 06:02
You can also construct a variable name by concatenating two different variables, such as:
<?php
$arg = "foo";
$val = "bar";
//${$arg$val} = "in valid"; // Invalid
${$arg . $val} = "working";
echo $foobar; // "working";
//echo $arg$val; // Invalid
//echo ${$arg$val}; // Invalid
echo ${$arg . $val}; // "working"
?>
Carel
raja shahed at christine nothdurfter dot com
25-May-2004 01:58
25-May-2004 01:58
<?php
error_reporting(E_ALL);
$name = "Christine_Nothdurfter";
// not Christine Nothdurfter
// you are not allowed to leave a space inside a variable name ;)
$$name = "'s students of Tyrolean language ";
print " $name{$$name}<br>";
print "$name$Christine_Nothdurfter";
// same
?>
webmaster at daersys dot net
20-Jan-2004 11:15
20-Jan-2004 11:15
You don't necessarily have to escape the dollar-sign before a variable if you want to output its name.
You can use single quotes instead of double quotes, too.
For instance:
<?php
$var = "test";
echo "$var"; // Will output the string "test"
echo "\$var"; // Will output the string "$var"
echo '$var'; // Will do the exact same thing as the previous line
?>
Why?
Well, the reason for this is that the PHP Parser will not attempt to parse strings encapsulated in single quotes (as opposed to strings within double quotes) and therefore outputs exactly what it's being fed with :)
To output the value of a variable within a single-quote-encapsulated string you'll have to use something along the lines of the following code:
<?php
$var = 'test';
/*
Using single quotes here seeing as I don't need the parser to actually parse the content of this variable but merely treat it as an ordinary string
*/
echo '$var = "' . $var . '"';
/*
Will output:
$var = "test"
*/
?>
HTH
- Daerion
unleaded at nospam dot unleadedonline dot net
14-Jan-2003 09:37
14-Jan-2003 09:37
References are great if you want to point to a variable which you don't quite know the value yet ;)
eg:
<?php
$error_msg = &$messages['login_error']; // Create a reference
$messages['login_error'] = 'test'; // Then later on set the referenced value
echo $error_msg; // echo the 'referenced value'
?>
The output will be:
test